Abstract: Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine problem and increasing worldwide. Dysregulated adipocytokine production is thought to be linked with pathogenesis of PCOS.Objective: The aim of this study was to see the relation of leptin, adiponectin and their ratio with PCOS and its cardiovascular risks.Methods: This case-control study included 20 PCOS patients diagnosed by revised Rotterdam criteria, 2003 and equal number of age matched control. Relevant clinical information was collected in datasheet. Blood was taken to measure glucose at fasting and after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), insulin, fasting lipid profile, leptin and adiponectin from each participant. Glucose was measured by glucose oxidase, all hormones by chemiluminescent immunoassay, lipids by glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase-peroxidase and leptin as well as adiponectin by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Leptin (ng/ml) [30.0 (24.15, 68.13) vs. 18.80 (9.17, 22.13), p<0.001] and leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) [6.0 (4.47, 8.42) vs. 2.14 (1.35, 3.42), p<0.001] were significantly higher in PCOS where as adiponectin (ng/ml) was statistically similar between the groups [6.14 (4.36, 9.66) vs. 6.74 (4.54, 8.62), p=0.820]. PCOS group had significantly higher cardiovascular risks than healthy control when they were categorised according to adiponectin/ leptin ratio (p=0.040). Leptin had significant correlation with waist circumference [r= -0.463, p=0.040], waist/hip ratio (WHR) [r= -0.50, p=0025] and waist/height ratio (WHtR) [r= -0.510, p=0.022] where as LAR with WHR [r= -0.617, p=0.004] and WHtR [r= -0.535, p=0.015]. Leptin [AUC=0.916, p<0.001] and LAR [AUC=0.868, p<0.001] were excellent and fair markers of PCOS respectively.Conclusion: Leptin and LAR may be promising markers of PCOS and cardiovascular risks. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(3): 266-272
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