Podnětná výuka procent ve dvou třídách s odlišnou zkušeností s výukou matematiky ; Constructivist teaching of percentage in two classes with a different background in teaching mathematics

The content of the thesis consists of a description of constructivist teaching of the topic of percentage in the primary school, that is the teaching in which not the teacher, but the pupil is in the center. The principles of constructivist teaching and the learning process in terms of the theory of generic models are described on the basis of literature. In accordance with these principles, a number of textbooks have been analyzed, in which the the topic of percentage is introduced, and experimental teaching based on the above principles has been prepared. Experimental teaching was realized in two classes of the 7th grade with a different experience with the teaching of mathematics in their 6th grade. The main goal of the work was to prepare, implement, describe and evaluate the teaching of percentage based on pupils' activity and their individual discovery. The lessons have been described and evaluated on the basis of audio recordings, notes from the lessons, records of pupilss solutions, interviews, notes and interviews with a teacher assistant, pre-tests and post-tests. The lessons were analyzed mainly in terms of pupils' involvement in teaching, their discoveries and knowledge acquisition, including its anchoring in the knowledge structure. In both classes, part of the pupils managed to find a. ; Obsahem práce je popis podnětné výuky tématu procenta na základní škole, tedy výuka, která do hlavní role staví nikoliv učitele, ale žáka. V rámci práce byly na základě studia odborné literatury popsány principy podnětné výuky a poznávacího procesu z hlediska teorie generických modelů. V souladu s těmito principy bylo analyzováno několik učebnic, v nichž je probírán tematický celek procent, a následně byla sestavena experimentální výuka vycházející z principů podnětné výuky. Experimentální výuka byla realizována ve dvou třídách 7. ročníku s odlišnou zkušeností s výukou matematiky v 6. ročníku. Hlavním cílem práce bylo připravit, realizovat, popsat a zhodnotit výuku procent postavenou na základě aktivity žáků a ...