Use of digital twins of buildings, AI and IoT for optimization of indoor location-based services ; Utilisation des jumeaux numérique des bâtiments, l'IA et l'IoT pour l'optimisation des services orientés localisation indoor

Integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) with the Internet of Things (IoT) aims to generate the digital twin of a building, providing a real-time representation of its physical counterpart. Indeed, BIM incorporates a 3D model of a building and a database associated with each object of this model. These static data, such as the material of the objects, can be useful for optimising the deployment of an IoT network in terms of coverage, and can be merged with the data collected in real-time by this IoT network to generate the building’s digital twin. This concept has become a powerful tool, particularly in Industry 4.0, for enhancing the generation and management of efficient location-based services through a real-time interactive model reflecting the building's current state. This thesis presents a "BIM-based" method for generating the digital twin of a building and implementing a robust location-based service. This process includes the optimal deployment of an IoT network in terms of coverage adapted to the service, and the construction of an IoT network architecture using users' devices to guarantee robust continuity of service while extending the service to devices without Internet access. First, the optimal deployment algorithm is proposed with different inputs: a theoretical map, a standardised evacuation plan, and the 3D BIM. This process is based on a building skeletonisation technique and a multi-objective genetic algorithm. This algorithm enables optimal 2D and 3D deployment using the BIM, for radio and visual coverage, according to connectivity, Full-View and multilateration constraints. These constraints relate to one of the indoor location-based services use case, which is indoor guidance. Implementing these innovative services requires a network of IoT objects deployed in the building, which can lead to high initial costs. It is shown by simulation that our proposal outperforms state of the art techniques in all scenarios and according to the metrics considered. Once the network has been ...