Non-typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis among children aged less than five years in Hong Kong: risk factors and whole genome sequencing data analysis of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance = 香港五歲以下兒童的非傷寒沙門氏菌腸胃炎 : 危險因素與血清型和抗菌耐藥性的全基因組測序數據分析 ; 香港五歲以下兒童的非傷寒沙門氏菌腸胃炎: 危險因素與血清型和抗菌耐藥性的全基因組測序數據分析 ; Non-typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis among children aged less than five years in Hong Kong: risk factors and whole genome sequencing data analysis of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance = Xianggang wu sui yi xia er tong de fei shang han Shamen shi jun chang wei yan : wei xian yin su yu xue qing xing he kang jun nai yao xing de quan ji yin zu ce xu shu ju fen xi ; Xianggang wu sui yi xia er tong de fei shang han Shamen shi jun chang wei yan: wei xian yin su yu xue qing xing he kang jun nai yao xing de quan ji yin zu ce xu shu ju fen xi

Introduction ; Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) gastroenteritis (GE) is an important child health issue in Hong Kong. This research was aimed to determine the risk factors, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of NTS among young children as these information remains poorly studied in Hong Kong. ; Methods ; Three studies were conducted: a secondary analysis of paediatric GE data to explore demographic, behavioral factors and clinical features of GE pathogens, a hospital-based case-control study to explore risk factors of paediatric NTS gastroenteritis, and a whole genome sequencing (WGS) study to determine Salmonella serotypes and AMR. ; Results ; The secondary analysis included GE cases caused by Salmonella (n=59), rotavirus (n=148), norovirus (n=61) and unidentified agents (n=222) collected from six public hospitals between October 2014 and April 2015. Number of paediatric GE salmonellosis admissions were lower during cooler months compared to those with rotavirus infection. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that children with GE salmonellosis were likely to have diarrhea (aOR 8.16, 95% CI 0.97-68.89) and moderate/high fever (aOR 1.35, 95% CI 0.53-3.46) but less likely to have vomiting (aOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21-1.05) compared to unidentified agents. ; The case-control study included 102 cases and 204 aged-matched non-GE controls at three public hospitals between April-November 2019. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that sourcing food from places other than supermarket i.e. wet market/restaurant/farm/school (aOR 2.64, 95% CI 1.03-6.77) was a significant risk factor of NTS infection. A novel but insignificant finding i.e. closing lid of toilet bowl before flushing (aOR0.78, 95% CI 0.47-1.29) was associated with reduced risk of NTS infection. ; WGS-based serotyping and AMR analysis of 101 NTS recovered from the case-control study revealed that both online serotyping tools i.e. Salmonella In Silico Typing Resource (SISTR) and SeqSero1 were accurately determined Salmonella ...