¿Cómo afecta una crisis por epidemia a los profesionales de enfermería? Una revisión de eventos pasados respecto a las epidemias del SARS y MERS con el SARS-CoV-2

Treball Final de Grau en Infermeria. Codi: IN1138. Curs: 2019/2020 ; Introduction: As of 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a Public Health of International Concern on the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), just to be declared as a pandemic virus on 11 March 2020. Since nurses maintain a very close contact with their patients, it is possible that they can experience stressful situations and anxiety, as has already occurred with SARS and MERS epidemics. Aims: To identify the common factors and psychological outcomes on nursing staff during the epidemic outbreaks. Methodology: An integrated review of the literature was conducted through a computerized research on PubMed, Science Direct and Sage Journals databases. The search strategy used a combination of terms related to “nurses”, “MERS”, “SARS”, “coronavirus”, “mental health”, and “stress”, along with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: We obtained 222 studies, 80 of which were full-text reviewed, and 16 were finally included: 7 from PubMed, 7 from Science Direct, and 2 from Sage Journals. As far as study design is concerned, we used 8 qualitative studies, 8 cross-sectional studies, 1 prospective and follow-up study and 1 systematic review. Conclusion: This review shows that nursing staff is specially affected by epidemic crisis. Anxiety, stress, burnout and insomnia are the main psychological outcomes, among others. In terms of factors, the main ones are: heavy workload, high exposure and working time, isolation, direct contact with this type of patients and previous experiences with outbreaks. ; Introducción: El 30 de enero de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró la Alerta Internacional a la Salud Pública por el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV), para posteriormente declararlo como pandemia el 11 de marzo del mismo año. Debido a que enfermería mantiene un contacto muy estrecho con sus pacientes, es posible que las enfermeras puedan experimentar situaciones estresantes y de ansiedad, como ya ocurrió en ...