Abstract: The policy of closing rural schools, although justified by the optimization of resources and infrastructure, brings about significant changes in the organization of education and affects the daily lives of school communities. This study aims to investigate the closure of rural schools in Santo Estêvão-BA between 2013 and 2023, addressing the following questions: What were the main historical achievements of public policies aimed at Rural Education at the national level? What strategies were employed in the municipality of Santo Estêvão to justify the closure of rural schools? The article is grounded in Historical-Dialectical Materialism and utilizes data from the School Census platform of the National Institute for Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP), as well as information from the Municipal Education Plan (PME-2015) and documents provided by the Municipal Department of Education (SEDUC). The findings indicate that school nucleation is the primary means through which schools in rural areas are closed. This process increases transportation costs and leads to greater physical fatigue among students, which can adversely affect both their motivation and academic performance. Additionally, the nucleation of schools tends to weaken the connection between the community and the school, negatively impacting students' sense of belonging and their social and emotional development. ; A política de fechamento de escolas rurais, embora justificada pela otimização de recursos e infraestrutura, provoca mudanças significativas na organização do ensino e interfere no cotidiano das comunidades escolares. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o fechamento de escolas rurais em Santo Estêvão-BA, entre 2013 e 2023, a partir das seguintes questões: quais foram as principais conquistas históricas das políticas públicas voltadas à Educação do Campo em âmbito nacional? Quais foram as estratégias utilizadas no município de Santo Estêvão para justificar o fechamento de escolas no campo? O artigo se fundamenta no ...
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