How Human Immunodeficiency Virus Works in the Human Body and the Effect of Treatment Using a Mathematical Model

Background: Infectious diseases, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), have affected human societies today, and no cure has yet been found. The disease is caused by a virus that infects the immune system. Our goal is to establish a relationship between mathematics and the impact of the virus on the immune system. Methods: In this study, several mathematical models have been studied and their relationship with the function of the HIV virus has been investigated. In these models, the contamination of immune cells, virus proliferation, production of infected cells, and the role of cellular and humoral immune systems in reducing cell proliferation have been considered. Findings: Studies show that the process of infection of immune cells and macrophages with the virus and even treatment to control the disease can also be mathematically illustrated. After writing the mathematical model and analyzing the model in manual and computer forms, one could find important parameters in reducing or increasing the speed of this disease and controlling it, in addition to reducing the spread of the disease and delaying the deaths. Conclusion: In order to better analyze this disease, all the effective factors in the model can be introduced and expressed as a broad mathematical model, but with the increase of these factors, it will be much more difficult to analyze them. However, by assuming some factors of the model to be constant, it will be easier. The purpose of this article is to simplify the process and mathematical modeling of AIDS and its general understanding for those interested in modeling.