The 'therapy' of culture in the teaching of S. Freud ; «Терапія» культури у вченні З. Фройда

S. Freud is an iconic figure of the worldview revolution of the twentieth century. He delved into the analysis of morality, religion, and society. As a result, S. Freud moves from the therapy of his individual patients to the "therapy" of culture and humanity as a whole. According to Freud, all our mental activity aims at obtaining pleasure and avoiding dissatisfaction, that is, the "pleasure principle" is automatically regulates our mental activity. However, culture acts as a repressive organism that suppresses the biological essence of a person and leads to neuroses. Civilization requires us to either abandon our drives (repression) or replace them with socially acceptable activities (sublimation). S. Freud is pessimistic about this program of socialization of instincts and emphasizes the inevitable antagonism between culture and libido, since humanity is not able to renounce either its animal basis or culture. He offers a position of some synthesis, thanks to which patients, after completing treatment, decide to take a certain middle position between full enjoyment of life and mandatory asceticism. The purpose of the article is to explicate the "therapy", which can be distinguished on the basis of the scientific heritage of S. Freud. First, according to S. Freud, the excess of aggression, which is the most dangerous for humanity, is mitigated by Eros. Thus, Thanatos ‘ destructive forces are deflected by Eros. Secondly, S. Freud advises to fight the "super-ego" for therapeutic purposes and weaken its requirements. Third, S. Freud speaks about the need for a greater degree of sexual satisfaction. Fourth, the question of rethinking inversion (for example, homosexuality, lesbianism) is closely related to sexual pleasure. Fifth, S. Freud points out the problem of lack of sexual education in the field of Education. The author of the article says that the development of Western culture of the XX-XXI century was associated with the implementation of many elements of the Freud program. ; З. Фройд є знаковою постаттю ...