Wikibooks: Introduction to Mathematical Physics/N body problem and matter description/Origin of matter

\index{matter (origin of)}\index{origin of matter} The problem of the creation of the Universe is an open problem. Experimental facts show that Universe is in expansion The red shift phenomenon was summarized by Hubble in 1929. The Hubble s law states that the shift in the light received from a galaxy is proportional to the distance from the observer point to the galaxy. Inverting the time arrow this leads to a Universe that has explosive concentration. In 1948 an ingenious physicist named Gamow proposed a model known as Big Bang model\index{Big Bang model} for the creation of the Universe. When it was proposed the model didn t receive much attention but in 1965 two engineers from AT\ T Penzias and Wilson They received the physics Nobel prize in 1978 trying to improve communication between earth and a satellite detected by accident a radiation foreseen by Gamow and his theory the 3K cosmic background radiation \index{cosmic background radiation}. In 1992 the COBE satellite (COsmic Background Explorer) recorded the fluctuations in the radiation (see figure [[figcobe]]) which should be at the origin of the galaxy formation as we will see now. IMP/label figcobe The Big Bang model states that the history of the Universe obeys to the following chronology Time origin corresponds to Universe creation time During the first period (from t=0 to t=10^{ 6} s) universe density is huge (much greater than the nucleons density) Describing what compounds Universe at during this period is a challenge to human imagination. Its behaviour is like a black hole. Quarks may exist independently. The hadronic epoch Modern particle accelerators reach such energies. The cosmology posterior to t=10^{ 4} s is called standard and is rather well trusted. On the contrary cosmology before the hadronic period is much more speculative. (from t=10^{ 6} T=1 GeV (or T=10^{13} K) to t=10^{ 4} s T=100 MeV) the black hole radiation creates hadrons (particle undergoing strong interaction like proton neutrons) leptons (particle that undergo weak ...