Belgium

This chapter discusses the legal framework governing UAS in Belgium, highlighting the complexities and nuances of integrating these systems into the broader aviation laws. Belgian UAS regulations are shaped by executive orders under the Civil Aviation Act, reflecting the principle that unmanned aviation is a subset of general aviation, differentiated only by certain specific needs. This framework underscores the application of traditional aviation laws to UAS, albeit adjusted for their unique characteristics, especially concerning AI-operated drones and liability issues related to autonomous operations. The chapter also explores the implications of AI in autonomous drones, comparing liability models to existing frameworks like the liability system for animals. Additionally, it addresses terminological confusions, particularly distinguishing between remotely piloted and autonomous aircraft, which have different legal and regulatory implications. The integration of UAS into controlled airspace and their compliance with air traffic control are identified as significant challenges, especially for autonomous drones. The chapter concludes by considering the need for a harmonised regulatory approach due to the transnational nature of aviation, advocating for regional and international cooperation in UAS regulation.