Development Models and Peacebuilding in the Substitution of Coca Crops. Analysis of Community Participation in the Cases of Bolivia and Colombia ; Modelos del desarrollo y construcción de paz en la sustitución de cultivos de coca. Análisis de la participación comunitaria en los casos de Bolivia y Colombia

This article makes a comparative analysis of coca crop control and substitution policies in Bolivia and Colombia, respectively, focused on the contrast between two approaches to peace and development (Posneoliberal vs. Neoliberal), as well as the place that the variable called community participation has in the relationship among the State, national institutions and communities. It is concluded that, even when community participation is presented in both cases as the fundamental axis to deal with the phenomenon of coca cultivation, it is evident that the State-community relationship, in the Bolivian case, has been successful due to the importance of linking base associations in the design and implementation of policies against coca cultivation (bottom-up) presented in the Cato Agreement (Acuerdo del Cato), gaining an effective control and restriction. In the Colombian case, on the contrary, the State continues to reproduce technocratic measures and targeting actions (top-down) in which social participation is reduced to a legitimizing function in a context of permanent presence of coca crops cultivation, conflict and overflow of violence in several rural areas of the country. ; En este artículo se realiza un análisis comparativo de las políticas de control y sustitución de cultivos de coca en Bolivia y en Colombia, respectivamente, a partir del contraste entre dos enfoques de paz y desarrollo —posneoliberal versus neoliberal—, así como del lugar que ocupa la variable de la participación comunitaria en las relaciones entre el Estado, las instituciones y las comunidades. Se concluye que, aunque en ambos casos la participación comunitaria se presenta como el eje fundamental para enfrentar el fenómeno de los cultivos de coca, es evidente que la relación Estado-comunidades en el caso de Bolivia, ha sido exitosa por la importancia de vincular asociaciones de base en el diseño e implementación de las políticas frente al cultivo —bottom-up— a través del Acuerdo del Cato, logrando su efectivo control y contención. En el ...