Doživljanje stresa in izgorelosti, povezanih z delom z učenci s posebnimi potrebami pri učiteljih v osnovni šoli ; Stres and burnout related to work with special education needs students in elementary school teachers

Namen raziskave je bil preveriti napovedno vrednost nekaterih značilnosti delovnega mesta osnovnošolskih učiteljev za doživljanje poklicnega stresa in izgorelosti. Značilnosti delovnega mesta so bile v raziskavi opredeljene kot zahteve in viri, ki smo jih nadalje delile na splošne in na specifične, vezane na delo z učenci s posebnimi potrebami. Preverjale smo, ali spremenljivke, povezane z delom z učenci s posebnimi potrebami, pojasnijo dodaten delež variance v doživljanju stresa in izgorelosti, ki ga ni mogoče pojasniti s splošnimi značilnostmi delovnega mesta. V raziskavi so sodelovali osnovnošolski učitelji iz vseh dvanajstih regij v Sloveniji ; število sodelujočih variira od 439 do 886. Rezultati kažejo, da specifične značilnosti delovnega mesta samostojno napovedujejo pomemben del variance stresa, emocionalne izčrpanosti in depersonalizacije. Splošne delovne obremenitve in specifična delovna obremenjenost z učenci s posebnimi potrebami predstavljata najbolj stabilna napovednika vseh treh proučevanih kriterijev. Na osnovi ugotovitev predlagamo tudi nekatere ukrepe za zmanjšanje stopnje doživljanja stresa ter za učinkovitejše spoprijemanje z njim. ; The aim of the present study was to examine the predictive value of elementary school teachers' workplace characteristics on work stress and burnout. Workplace characteristics were defined as job demands and resources, which were further divided into general and specific, related to work with special education needs students. We examined whether variables related to work with special education needs students explained incremental variance in stress and burnout above and beyond general workplace characteristics. Elementary school teachers from all twelve regions of Slovenia (N ranges from 439 to 886) took part in the study. The results have shown that workplace characteristics independently predict a significant amount of variance in stress, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization among teachers. General job demands and specific demands related to special education needs students are the highest and most stable predictors of all three studied criteria. Based on our findings, we suggest several measures which can help to alleviate stress and foster efficient coping strategies.