Sorção de contaminantes emergentes em compósitos magnéticos e partículas de quitosana

The increasing pollution of water resources due to textile industrial practices and improper disposal of medications is an urgent environmental concern. The dyes used in the textile industry, due to their high water solubility, can contaminate water resources, making the removal of these pollutants a complex challenge. Moreover, improper medication disposal contributes to soil and water contamination, creating significant risks for both public health and the environment. These emerging contaminants have been identified in rising concentrations in the environment, still without regulation or established control standards. Raising awareness among the population about the hazards associated with improper medication disposal and promoting the adoption of measures for safe and responsible disposal is of utmost importance. This can be achieved through initiatives like expired or unused medication collection programs. In this context, this thesis aims to investigate the sorption of pharmaceuticals sodium cromoglycate and tetracycline hydrochloride onto magnetic composites with positive and negative charges, based on chitosan, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, and magnetite. Additionally, it seeks to develop a numerical method for the adsorption of dyes, Acid Blue 260 (AA) and Methyl Orange (AM), onto cross- linked chitosan. To achieve this, a variety of analytical techniques were employed, including thermogravimetric analysis, molecular absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible region, infrared absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and adsorption equilibrium studies. The results of the pharmaceutical study revealed a sorption mechanism occurring in multiple layers, reaching saturation at concentrations of 0.2 mmol of the drug per gram of composite for tetracycline hydrochloride (HTCCl), in both positive and negative charged magnetic composites. Meanwhile, the anionic drug sodium cromoglycate (NaCG) showed similarity in adsorption for both types of composites, reaching saturation around 0.05 mmol per gram ...