Opredelitev glavnih teorij metafore v zgodovini filozofije in jezikoslovja ; Key theories of metaphor in the history of philosophy and linguistics

V tej nalogi bom predstavil glavne teorije metafore v zgodovini jezikoslovja in filozofije. Najprej bom predstavil nekaj sodobnih definicij metafore kot besedne figure, nato pa pretehtal, če takšna teorija metafore zares sledi Aristotelovi osnovni ideji. V osrednjem tretjem poglavju bom predstavil Aristotelove štiri tipe metafore, na podlagi teh štirih tipov pa bom kritično predstavil še tri glavne vidike metafore: substitucijskega, primerjalnega in interakcijskega. Četrto poglavje bo služilo orisu teh vidikov in vzpostavitvi osi razlike med bolj konceptualnimi in bolj pragmatičnimi teorijami. V petem poglavju se bom posvetil poglavitno sodobnim kognitivnim in pragmatičnim teorijam metafore. Najprej bom predstavil konceptualno teorijo, potem pa na podlagi treh kritik te teorije izpostavil še tri druge: teorijo primarne metafore, teorijo konceptualnega mešanja ter teorijo relevantnosti. Med drugim se bom spraševal tudi o tem, ali so te tri teorije s konceptualno teorijo združljive, ali pa ji nasprotujejo. ; In this present thesis, I will deal with some of the main theories of metaphor within the context of history of lingustics and philosophy. First I will present some classical definitions of metaphor as a figure of speech. I will also question the proposition that classical theory stems from Aristotle's thought. In the central third chapter I will present Aristotle's four types of metaphor. On the basis of these four types, I will point out three main aspects of metaphor theories: substitution, comparison and interaction. In the fourth chapter, I will try to illustrate these, as well as establish a differential axis upon the basis of which we will later be able to articulate the main differences between cognitive and pragmatic theories. In the fifth and last chapter, I will deal with these. I will first present conceptual metaphor theory and mention some of its critiques. These critiques will carry us into a space of possible resolve, where I will present some other theories: primary metaphor theory, conceptual ...