Water sovereignty as a pathway to food and energy security in Afghanistan

Abstract Afghanistan possesses abundant water resources, renewable energy potential, and fertile arable lands to be a viable pluralistic nation in the twenty-first century. Stewardship of water for hydroelectricity and agriculture will secure the country’s energy and food needs, of which more than a significant portion is currently being imported. Agriculture is the cornerstone of Afghanistan’s livelihood, food security, and economy. However, climate change has dramatically impacted these vital resources. Additionally, prolonged war and political instability have severely damaged the country’s socio-economic and environmental infrastructure. Addressing the interdependent nature of water, energy, and food sovereignty is critical for Afghanistan’s socio-economic and environmental sustainability. Therefore, this study first provides an overview of Afghanistan’s natural endowments of water, energy, and food conditions while outlining human-induced, transborder, and climate-related challenges. Second, the potential options of water, energy, and food sovereignty are examined to achieve sustainable development goals in Afghanistan. These findings will inform policymakers committed to Afghanistan’s viability under conditions of climate change to achieve food, energy, and water security for its diverse citizens. Thereby providing a roadmap for environmental and socio-economic planning.