Prevalence and risk factors of preoperative anemia in patients undergoing elective orthopedic procedures in Northwest Ethiopia: a multicenter prospective observational cohort study

Abstract Background Preoperative anemia is a common hematologic problem in major orthopedic surgery in developing countries. It is a condition in which the number and size of red blood cells are insufficient to meet the body’s physiologic needs, consequently impairing the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen to the body. Preoperative anemia is common in elective orthopedic surgical patients and is an independent risk factor for perioperative morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess preoperative anemia prevalence and risk factors in patients undergoing elective orthopedic procedures. Method A multicenter prospective observational cohort study was conducted from June 01 to August 30, 2022. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study unit. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were expressed in percentages and presented with tables and figures. Binary logistic regression was used to see the association between independent and dependent variables. A P-value