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Sex differences in pain-related biopsychosocial assessments in patients with axial spondyloarthritis

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  • Additional Information
    • Publication Information:
      BMC, 2026.
    • Publication Date:
      2026
    • Collection:
      LCC:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system
    • Abstract:
      Abstract Background In axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), (back)pain is the key symptom and often linked to inflammation. However, knowledge on sex-related differences in pain is limited. Therefore, our study aim was to explore sex differences in a broad spectrum of pain-related biopsychosocial assessments in patients with axSpA. Methods Explorative cross-sectional study from Groningen Leeuwarden axSpA (GLAS) cohort. Following assessments were performed: pain-related questions 2–4 of Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), quantitative sensory testing, including pain pressure threshold (PTT), temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation, and questionnaires assessing central sensitization, illness perception, coping strategies, anxiety/depression, and pain-related worrying. Effect sizes (ES) were interpreted as small (
    • File Description:
      electronic resource
    • ISSN:
      1478-6362
    • Relation:
      https://doaj.org/toc/1478-6362
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s13075-025-03725-2
    • Accession Number:
      edsdoj.24933f3f91240baadfc71b7fbb7f9e2