Abstract: Abstract Introduction Stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a crucial treatment for various blood disorders and cancers. This procedure involves the transfer of healthy stem cells to replace damaged or diseased cells, restoring healthy blood cell production and alleviating symptoms. This study aimed to calculate the total cost of SCT at Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Method A retrospective cross-sectional design was employed, analyzing data from 143 SCT patients admitted between August 2022 and March 2023. Activity-Based Costing (ABC) was utilized to allocate costs across combined operational centers, encompassing intermediate clinical support and patient care units. Cost data were extracted from hospital financial records and analyzed using SPSS and Excel in 2024. Results Patients had a mean age of 39 years and an average hospital stay of 27.2 days. The mean total cost per patient was 2,166,904,089 IRR (approximately $51,594 USD), equivalent to 24,232 international dollars based on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) adjustment. Direct medical costs constituted 49% of total expenses, with overhead costs comprising 51%. Human resources accounted for the largest cost components, notably physicians (38.8%) and nursing staff (13.8%). Government subsidies covered 54.1% of direct costs, followed by out-of-pocket payments (13.9%) and basic insurance (12.8%). Conclusion Stem cell transplantation imposes a substantial financial burden on the healthcare system in Iran. These findings underscore the urgent need for policy interventions to optimize resource allocation, establish standardized tariffs, and implement mechanisms that improve access and provide financial protection for patients.
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