Evolution of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) and Its New Emerging Modalities in Prostate Cancer: An Update for Practicing Urologists, Clinicians and Medical Providers

Erin Choi, John Buie, Jaime Camacho, Pranav Sharma, Werner TW de Riese Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USACorrespondence: Werner TW de Riese, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 - 4th Street STOP 7260, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA, Tel +806-743-3862, Fax + 806-743-3030, Email werner.deriese@ttuhsc.eduAbstract: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the main management strategy for prostate cancer for more than eight decades, nowadays achieved commonly by administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists. ADT markedly suppresses androgen hormones with the long-term risks of adverse events such as muscle weakness, impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism, impotence, osteoporosis, and secondary fractures. Extensive research has provided significantly better insight into the dynamics of ADT including identification of the benefits of sequential and combination therapies. This has led to the development of new pharmaceutical ADT modalities. This review provides a general overview of the evolution of ADT in the context of the new emerging pharmaceutical ADT modalities so that clinicians and medical providers have a better understanding of personalizing the available ADT options with their different risk-benefit profiles.Keywords: prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy, historical review and update