The implementation of the Common European Framework for languages in European education systems

This study aims at analysing way the compulsory school system approaches foreign language learning. It analyses the use of the CEFR in examination, curriculum development, schoolbooks and teacher training. The study concludes that although links between exams and CEFR are often not supported, the general approach to language learning of the CEFR is implemented; curricula and schoolbooks take notice of contextual language use and the related ‘can-do’ statements; and teacher training includes referenced to the CEFR. However, the CEFR could use a renewed impetus to increase its effect