Enhancing climate resilience in Nigerian agriculture: Implications for sustainable adaptation and livelihood diversification

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Washington, DC 2023

Fragility, Conflict and Migration; National Policies and Strategies
Amare, Mulubrhan; Balana, Bedru; Onilogbo, Omobolanle
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9052-5868 Amare, Mulubrhan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7344-5743 Balana, Bedru
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Non-PR
IFPRI1; NSSP; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; Feed the Future Nigeria Agricultural Policy Project
Development Strategies and Governance (DSG); Transformation Strategies
Key Highlights: Changes in temperature, measured in harmful degree days (HDDs), and precipitation have a significant negative impact on agricultural productivity in Nigeria, which highlights the adverse effects of extreme weather on crop yields. Climate changes affect income sources for farming households. We found that an increase in HDDs reduces households’ income share from crops and nonfarm self-employment, implying threats to household food security for smallholders whose livelihoods depend on subsistence farming and food consumption from own sources. In response to the risks posed by climate change, farmers adopt changes in crop mixes (for example, reducing the share of land allocated to cereals) and input use decisions (for example, reducing fertilizer use and purchased seeds) as an adaptation strategy. Adaption strategies that lead to low use of yield-enhancing modern inputs could worsen agricultural productivity and household food insecurity. However, we found that farmers in Nigeria respond to extreme climate by switching to drought tolerant root or tuber crops. Such strategies could partially offset the adverse effects of climatic shocks on households’ welfare. Climate changes negatively impact agricultural productivity for both poor and non-poor households, but the effects are more pronounced among poorer households, according to our heterogenous effects analysis on household’s initial endowments (based on wealth indicators measured in asset and livestock holdings). This implies low adaptive capacity on the part of poor households and thus their high vulnerability to climate-related shocks. Suggested policy recommendations include interventions to incentivize adoption of climate-resilient agriculture, targeted pro-poor interventions such as low-cost financing options for improving smallholders’ access to climate-proof agricultural inputs and technologies, and policy measures to reduce the inequality of access to livelihood capital, such as land and other

climate resilience; resilience; climate change; agriculture; sustainability; livelihood diversification; heat stress; extreme weather events; crop yield; employment; off-farm employment; smallholders; harmful degree days; Project Note; Project paper; Other

Open access content. Open access content

English

DFP oai:cdm15738.contentdm.oclc.org:p15738coll2/136942
https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136942
10.2499/p15738coll2.136942
https://www.ifpri.org/publication/enhancing-climate-resilience-nigerian-agriculture-implications-sustainable-adaptation
136942
1409993605

INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RES INST LIBR
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