The Castle as a Venue for the Rise of Elites in the Regions: A Probe into the Upper Hungary in the late Middle Ages

Dvorac kao žarište uspona regionalnih elita: Primjer Gornje Ugarske u kasnom srednjem vijeku

Croatian Institute of History 2024

The text focuses on the relationship among the medieval castle, its social background and the careers of castle officials. It is based on present archontological research as well as prosopography approaches. Using the example of six castles in the regions of Zvolen/Zólyom and Tekov/Bars County in the late Middle Ages, it is possible to define the circle of officials of higher and middle degree: captains, castellans and stewards. During 1402 – 1526, this heterogeneous group consisted of approximately 108 persons. About a quarter of them were castle officials coming from the relevant castle estate or county, as well as officials of foreign origin settled during their service in the given region. Almost three quarters of the officials had not shown any connection with their home region. The post of castellan had been held mostly by poor landowners and occasionally by noble burghers. The office of the steward for which the designation provisor curiae had also been used, had not required a noble title and was also held by subjects. The establishment of officials during their service at the place of work had taken place through the acquisition of property. Officials who had or had been creating a property background in the region had worked in their positions longer, including multi-generational service. On the contrary, officials had shown the fluctuation without ties to the place of work.
Članak se bavi odnosom srednjovjekovnog dvorca, njegova društvenog konteksta i karijera njegovih službenika. Temelji se na dosadašnjim arhontološkim istraživanjima, kao i na prozopografskim pristupima. Na primjeru šest dvoraca u regijama Zvolen/Zólyom i Tekov/Bars u kasnom srednjem vijeku moguće je definirati krug službenika višeg i srednjeg stupnja: kapetana, kaštelana i upravitelja. Tijekom razdoblja od 1402. do 1526. godine ovu heterogenu skupinu sačinjavalo je približno 108 osoba. Otprilike četvrtina su bili službenici iz lokalnog vlastelinstva ili županije, a ostali su bili stranog podrijetla, nastanjeni u dotičnom kraju tijekom službovanja. Kod gotovo tri četvrtine službenika nije ustanovljena nikakva povezanost s rodnim krajem. Dužnost kaštelana obnašali su uglavnom siromašni zemljoposjednici, a povremeno i plemeniti građani. Služba upravitelja, za koju se također koristila oznaka provisor curiae, nije zahtijevala plemićku titulu i mogli su je obnašati obični podanici. Službenici su se etablirali stjecanjem imovine: oni koji su je imali ili stvarali u određenoj regiji dulje su zadržavali položaj, čak i generacijama. Kod drugih je pak ustanovljena fluktuacija i pomanjkanje veza s mjestom rada.

medieval castles; social mobility; making of elites; Upper Hungary; Slovakia; srednjovjekovni dvorci; društvena mobilnost; stvaranje elita; Gornja Mađarska; Slovačka; text; info:eu-repo/semantics/article; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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