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Thermal Ageing of Black Garlic Enhances Cellular Antioxidant Potential Through the Activation of the Nrf2-Mediated Pathway

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  • Author(s): Yu, Shan-Shan; Chu, Yung-Lin; Tung, Yen-Chen; Su, Zheng-Yuan
  • Source:
    Food Technology and Biotechnology; ISSN 1334-2606 (Online); ISSN 1330-9862 (Print); ISSN-L 1330-9862; CODEN FTBRFD; Volume 63; Issue 1
  • Document Type:
    Electronic Resource
  • Online Access:
    https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.63.01.25.8474
    https://hrcak.srce.hr/329955
    info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.17113/ftb.63.01.25.8474
  • Additional Information
    • Additional Titles:
      Toplinsko starenje crnog češnjaka poboljšava stanični antioksidacijski potencijal aktivacijom signalnog puta Nrf2
    • Publisher Information:
      University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology 2025
    • Abstract:
      Research background. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in different diseases, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer, which are a major cause of mortality worldwide. Liver cell injury resulting from oxidative stress contributes to the development of these diseases. Garlic is known for its diverse physiological activities, and black garlic, produced by thermal ageing of raw garlic, has attracted attention due to its biological properties. Experimental approach. This study investigates the hepatoprotective potential of black garlic prepared in an electric cooker. The study includes mass loss, browning index, free amino acids, free-reducing sugar content, total phenolic compounds and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Additionally, the sensory evaluation shows a preference for the black garlic sample over raw garlic. The study also investigates the activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway in HepG2-C8 cells and evaluates the protective effect against H2O2-induced damage. Results and conclusions. The results indicate that black garlic lost mass, possibly due to water loss and the Maillard reaction, which led to an increase in the browning index and a decrease in free amino acids. However, the content of free reducing sugars increased. After 14 and 21 days, the total phenolic content of black garlic increased and its ability to scavenge DPPH radicals improved. Significant activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway was observed in HepG2-C8 cells. Sensory evaluation showed a preference for the 14-day aged black garlic. The Nrf2 pathway can be effectively activated in HepG2 cells by a 14-day aged black garlic extract, resulting in protection against H2O2-induced damage. Novelty and scientific contribution. Our research shows the significant effect of thermal ageing on black garlic and highlights its enhanced antioxidant properties. A simple approach has been developed to prepare black garlic that is more effective, healthier and can potentially be used to protect the liver
      Pozadina istraživanja. Oksidacijski stres igra ključnu ulogu u razvoju različitih bolesti, uključujući kronični hepatitis, cirozu i rak jetre, koje su glavni uzrok smrtnosti diljem svijeta. Oštećenje jetrenih stanica uzrokovano oksidacijskim stresom pridonosi razvoju tih bolesti. Češnjak je poznat po svojim različitim fiziološkim svojstvima, a crni češnjak, koji se dobiva toplinskim starenjem sirovog češnjaka, privukao je pažnju zbog svojih bioloških svojstava. Eksperimentalni pristup. U ovom istraživanju ispitan je hepatoprotektivni potencijal crnog češnjaka pripremljenog u električnom kuhalu. Studija je obuhvatila i određivanje gubitka mase, indeksa posmeđivanja, udjela slobodnih aminokiselina, slobodnih reducirajućih šećera i ukupnih fenolnih spojeva, te aktivnosti uklanjanja DPPH radikala. Uz to, senzorsko ispitivanje pokazalo je da panelisti preferiraju uzorak crnog češnjaka nad sirovim češnjakom. Tijekom istraživanja proučena je i aktivacija signalnog puta Nrf2-ARE u stanicama HepG2-C8 i procijenjen je učinak crnog češnjaka na sprečavanje oštećenja izazvanog vodikovim peroksidom. Rezultati i zaključci. Rezultati pokazuju da je crni češnjak izgubio masu, vjerojatno zbog gubitka vode i nastanka Maillardove reakcije, što je dovelo do povećanja indeksa posmeđivanja i smanjenja udjela slobodnih aminokiselina. Međutim, udjel slobodnih reducirajućih šećera se povećao. Nakon 14 i 21 dana, ukupni udjel fenolnih spojeva u crnom češnjaku se povećao, a njegova sposobnost uklanjanja DPPH radikala se poboljšala. Zamijećena je značajna aktivacija signalnog puta Nrf2-ARE u stanicama HepG2-C8. Senzorsko ispitivanje pokazalo je da panelisti preferiraju uzorak crnog češnjaka star 14 dana. Signalni put Nrf2 može se učinkovito aktivirati u stanicama HepG2 pomoću ekstrakta crnog češnjaka starog 14 dana, što rezultira zaštitom stanica od oštećenja izazvanog vodikovim peroksidom. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Naše istraživanje pokazuje značajan učinak toplinskog starenja na crni češn
    • Subject Terms:
    • Availability:
      Open access content. Open access content
      info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
      The contents of the Food Technology and Biotechnology can be used for personal, educational or scientific purposes, provided that the credit is given to the Journal (under Creative Commons licence CC BY 4.0). Annual subscription price for all countries (except Croatia) is 40 euro for citizens and 100 euro for organizations and institutions. Discount is offered to the members of Croatian Society of Biotechnology and Slovenian Microbiological Society. For subscription please contact the Editorial Office at the E-mail address: ftb@pbf.hr
    • Note:
      English
      Croatian
    • Other Numbers:
      HRCAK oai:hrcak.srce.hr:329955
      1520287658
    • Contributing Source:
      HRCAK PORTAL ZNANSTVENIH CASOPISA REPUB
      From OAIster®, provided by the OCLC Cooperative.
    • Accession Number:
      edsoai.on1520287658
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