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Characterization of a Novel Male Pheromone Compound in Leucoptera sinuella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) and Its Role in Courtship Behavior

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  • Additional Information
    • Contributors:
      Sánchez-Aros, Laura, Author; Queiroz, Abel F.O., Author; Guajardo, Jorge, Author; Barros-Parada, Wilson, Author; Svensson, Glenn P., Author; Bergmann, Jan, Author; Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Sections at the Department of Biology, Sensory Biology, Lunds universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Biologiska institutionen, Avdelningar vid Biologiska institutionen, Sinnesbiologi, Originator; Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Research groups at the Department of Biology, Pheromone Group, Lunds universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Biologiska institutionen, Forskargrupper vid Biologiska institutionen, Feromongruppen, Originator
    • Abstract:
      The poplar moth, Leucoptera sinuella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), is widely distributed across Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. It was first identified in Chile in 2015 and has since become a significant pest in the agricultural sector. Additionally, economic losses are further aggravated by the presence of L. sinuella pupae in nearby fruit orchards. This study investigated the presence of a male-produced sex pheromone in L. sinuella, focusing on the hairpencil (HP) glands, which are known as dissemination structures for male pheromones in lepidopterans. Male HP glands were solvent-extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Chemical microderivatization and comparisons of mass spectra and retention indices of natural compounds with synthetic standards led to the identification of two compounds: (Z)-3-decenyl hexanoate (the major component) and (Z)-3-decen-1-ol (a minor component). Although electrophysiological assays did not show detectable antennal responses to (Z)-3-decenyl hexanoate, behavioral bioassays demonstrated its role as a short-range courtship signal in L. sinuella. Males with ablated hairpencils exhibited significantly reduced courtship success compared to controls; however, exposure of females to synthetic (Z)-3-decenyl hexanoate or HP extract restored male courtship success. To our knowledge, (Z)-3-decenyl hexanoate has not been previously reported as a sex pheromone component in any insect species, making this discovery an intriguing addition to the diversity of chemical communication in insects.