Investigational Study of Risk-Free Metal Oxide-Based Nanostructures for Identifying Urea in Dairy Products

Zinc oxide-based urea sensor was constructed over fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate using facile hydrothermal approach. X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope were used to investigate the structural and morphological properties of the synthesized zinc oxide nanostructures, demonstrating the production of ZnO hexagonal Wurtzite structure (002 peak plane) and nanorod morphology, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry was performed on the constructed urea sensor at three different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mmol). The experiment yielded an average sensitivity of 0.1053 AmM−1cm−2.