The Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2, Combined with ODN-39M, Is a Potential Component for an Intranasal Bivalent Vaccine with Broader Functionality.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101509722 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1999-4915 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19994915 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Viruses Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI

COVID-19*/prevention & control ; Vaccines*; Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Administration, Intranasal ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; Vaccines, Combined ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing

Despite the rapid development of vaccines against COVID-19, they have important limitations, such as safety issues, the scope of their efficacy, and the induction of mucosal immunity. The present study proposes a potential component for a new generation of vaccines. The recombinant nucleocapsid (N) protein from the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was combined with the ODN-39M, a synthetic 39 mer unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN), used as an adjuvant. The evaluation of its immunogenicity in Balb/C mice revealed that only administration by intranasal route induced a systemic cross-reactive, cell-mediated immunity (CMI). In turn, this combination was able to induce anti-N IgA in the lungs, which, along with the specific IgG in sera and CMI in the spleen, was cross-reactive against the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-1. Furthermore, the nasal administration of the N + ODN-39M preparation, combined with RBD Delta protein, enhanced the local and systemic immune response against RBD, with a neutralizing capacity. Results make the N + ODN-39M preparation a suitable component for a future intranasal vaccine with broader functionality against Sarbecoviruses.

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2021YFE0192200 Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; 2019CB1012 Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation; 2020RC5035 The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province; 2020WK2031 Hunan Provincial Innovative Construction Program

Keywords: ODN; SARS-CoV-2; bivalent vaccine; broad vaccine; cell-mediated immunity; intranasal; neutralizing Abs

0 (Nucleocapsid Proteins)
0 (Vaccines, Combined)
0 (COVID-19 Vaccines)
0 (Vaccines)
0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic)
0 (Antibodies, Viral)
0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing)

SARS-CoV-2 variants

Date Created: 20240328 Date Completed: 20240329 Latest Revision: 20240330

20240330

PMC10976088

10.3390/v16030418

38543783