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'There was little work to do…': Ivan Goncharov as a translator at the Foreign Trade Department

• Authors : Alexandra Romanova

Subjects: ivan goncharov; foreign trade department of the russian empire ministry of finance; translation

• Source: Литературный факт, Iss 4 (14), Pp 282-292 (2019)

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Too much or too little work? Couples’ actual and preferred employment patterns and work hours mismatches in Europe

• Authors : Nadia Steiber; Barbara Haas

Subjects: couples, labour supply, preferences, hours mismatch, European Social Survey; Paare, Beschäftigung, Arbeitszeitpräferenzen, Unterbeschäftigung; The family. Marriage. Woman

• Source: Journal of Family Research, Vol 30, Iss 3 (2018)

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Too much or too little work? Couples’ actual and preferred employment patterns and work hours mismatches in Europe

• Authors : Steiber, Nadia; Haas, Barbara

Subjects: Article in Academic Journal; PeerReviewed

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Too much or too little work? Couples’ actual and preferred employment patterns and work hours mismatches in Europe

• Authors : Steiber, N.; Haas, B.

Subjects: Article; PeerReviewed

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Naked politicking and little work not good for country ...

• Authors : IFRA-Nairobi

Subjects: Politician

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S1 Text - IonBench: A benchmark of optimisation strategies for mathematical models of ion channel currents

• Authors : Matt J. Owen; Gary R. Mirams

Subjects: Biophysics; Medicine; Sociology

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A WORLD WITH (LITTLE) WORK: CAN REDUCED WORK HOURS CHANGE CONSUMER SPENDING?

• Authors : Yeohong Yoon¹; Yeolim (Bella) Yoon²,

• Source: AMA Winter Academic Conference Proceedings; 2025, Vol. 36, p1024-1025, 2p

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Britain's Idle Tonnage Finds a Little Work.

Subjects: TONNAGE; MARITIME shippingUNITED Kingdom

• Source: BusinessWeek. 10/29/1930, Issue 60, p13-13. 1/9p.

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Ni con pequeño trabajo, ni con pequeño favor de Dios. Fray Pedro Aguado y Fray Antonio de Medrano frente a la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada 1550-1582 ; Neither with a little work, nor with a little favor from God. Fray Pedro Aguado and Fray Antonio de Medrano in front of the conquest of the New Kingdom of Granada 1550-1582

• Authors : Hernández Carvajal, María Eugenia

Subjects: Evangelización – Historia – Colombia – 1550-1582; Conquista de América; Colonización – Colombia – 1550-1582

• Source: Archivo General de Indias (Sevilla) ; Audiencia de Santafé 82. Indiferente 426. ; Archivo General de la Nación (Bogotá) Caciques e Indios 20. Historia Civil 29. Visitas Cundinamarca 1. ; Aguado,

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In the context of language learning, one cause of pragmalinguistic failure is pragmalinguistic transfer, the use of L1 speech act strategies or formulas when interacting with members of an L2 speech community (Leech 1983). This trans-fer has been addressed in a number of speech act/event studies (e.g. Blum-Kulka 1982, 1983; Olshtain 1983; Olshtain and Cohen 1983; Edmonson, House, Kasper, and Stemmer 1984; Thomas 1984; Eisenstein and Bodman 1986; Garcia 1989; Wolfson 1989a; Beebe, Takahashi, and Uliss-Weltz 1990; Takahashi and Beebe 1993). In the anecdote at the beginning of this paper, the American, in respond-ing to Arabic compliments by transferring an appropriate response from his L1 to an L2, believes that he is politely accepting the compliment. However, if the native Arabic speaker interprets the illocutionary force of the utterance differently (e.g. interprets the response as impolite and inappropriate) pragmatic failure has occurred. It is, however, difficult, at times, to determine whether the pragmatic failure results from L1 transfer or from other factors. Hurley (1992), for example, notes that pragmatic failure may also result from developmental and proficiency factors or from L2 learners overgeneralizing the use of an L2 form to inappropriate set-tings. Stated differently, it is sometimes difficult to know why language learners experience certain kinds of pragmatic failure. In order to understand the reasons behind pragmatic failure, it is helpful, and perhaps even necessary, to conduct cross-cultural research to investigate students’ L1 strategies (Wolfson 1989a). Speech act and speech event studies have been criticized as being ethnocentric in that most have investigated variations of English (Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper 1989). Rose (1994) further points out that, in particular, little work has been done in non-Western contexts. The present study is valuable, in part, because it was conducted in Arabic as well as English. Compliment responses were selected for cross-cultural study for two reasons. First, although a body of knowledge exists on the speech act of complimenting (Wolfson 1981, 1983; Manes 1983; Knapp, Hopper, and Bell 1984; Barnlund and Araki 1985; Holmes and Brown 1987; Nelson, El Bakary, and Al-Batal 1993), less research has been conducted on responses to compliments. For non-native English speak-ing (NNES) students, knowing how to compliment is important, but it is equally important to know how to respond to a compliment. In fact, it could be argued that for NNES students in the United States, appropriately responding to compli-ments is more important than complimenting because of the frequency with which Americans compliment (Wolfson 1983; Holmes and Brown 1987; Herbert 1988). In other words, ESL students may receive more compliments than they initiate. A second reason is that, although a few studies have been conducted on compli-ment responses in English-speaking countries (Pomerantz 1978; Herbert 1988; Herbert and Straight 1989), few, if any, cross-cultural studies have investigated compli-ment responses in an Arabic-speaking country. For the purpose of this study, a compliment response is defined as a verbal acknowledgement that the recipient of the compliment heard and reacted to the compliment. Compliment/compliment response interactions have been referred to

• Source: Pragmatics and Discourse ; page 172-172 ; ISBN 9780203994597

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