Which contributes more to the relict flora distribution pattern in East Asia, geographical processes or climate change? New evidence from the phylogeography of Rehderodendron kwangtungense.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100967807 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2229 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712229 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Plant Biol Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-

Phylogeography* ; Climate Change* ; Genetic Variation*; Asia, Eastern ; Plant Dispersal ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Background: Relict species are important for enhancing the understanding of modern biogeographic distribution patterns. Although both geological and climatic changes since the Cenozoic have affected the relict flora in East Asia, the contributions of geographical processes remain unclear. In this study, we employed restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) and shallow genome sequencing data, in conjunction with ecological niche modeling (ENM), to investigate the spatial genetic patterns and population differentiation history of the relict species Rehderodendron kwangtungense Chun.
Results: A total of 138 individuals from 16 populations were collected, largely covering the natural distribution of R. kwangtungense. The genetic diversity within the R. kwangtungense populations was extremely low (H O = 0.048 ± 0.019; H E = 0.033 ± 0.011). Mantel tests revealed isolation-by-distance pattern (R ²  = 0.38, P < 0.001), and AMOVA analysis showed that the genetic variation of R. kwangtungense occurs mainly between populations (86.88%, K = 7). Between 23 and 21 Ma, R. kwangtungense underwent a period of rapid differentiation that coincided with the rise of the Himalayas and the establishment of the East Asian monsoon. According to ENM and population demographic history, the suitable area and effective population size of R. kwangtungense decreased sharply during the glacial period and expanded after the last glacial maximum (LGM).
Conclusion: Our study shows that the distribution pattern of southern China mountain relict flora may have developed during the panplain stage between the middle Oligocene and the early Miocene. Then, the flora later fragmented under the force of orogenesis, including intermittent uplift during the Cenozoic Himalayan orogeny and the formation of abundant rainfall associated with the East Asian monsoon. The findings emphasized the predominant role of geographical processes in shaping relict plant distribution patterns.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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32300172 National Natural Science Foundation of China; 2021A1515110425 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province; 2020F36 Research on Coevolution of Vegetation and Geological Environment of Shenzhen Dapeng Peninsula Geopark; 2020F36 Research on Coevolution of Vegetation and Geological Environment of Shenzhen Dapeng Peninsula Geopark; 2021GJGY001 Guangdong Special Fund for Natural Resources Management and Ecological Forestry Construction

Keywords: Fragmented distributions; Mountain erosion; Panplain; Population genetics; RAD-seq; Species diffusing

Date Created: 20240526 Date Completed: 20240526 Latest Revision: 20240529

20250114

PMC11129394

10.1186/s12870-024-05181-7

38797839